From sinuses to speech

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When it comes to your health, you may not think much about your ears, nose and throat - until something goes wrong. Whether it is persistent sinus issues, hearing loss or a sore throat that won’t go away, these problems can have a big impact on your daily life. That’s where ENT specialists come in.

In the broad field of medicine, otorhinolaryngologists – more commonly referred to as ENT specialists – occupy a crucial role. They are medical doctors who specialise in diagnosing and treating a range of disorders related to the ears, nose and throat. You might be unfamiliar with the term otorhinolaryngology, but chances are you’ve sought its expertise, perhaps in the case of a chronic stuffy nose or an irritating ear condition that refuses to go away.

Dr Hurtamina Khan is a highly experienced female ENT surgeon and specialist based in Karachi. With qualifications including MBBS., DLO, FCPS, CHPE and FRCS (Glasgow), Dr Khan brings extensive knowledge and surgical proficiency to her practice. As a leading specialist in her field, she is committed to delivering exceptional patient care.

Currently, Dr Khan serves as the Head of ENT Department at JPMC (Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre), the country’s biggest public healthcare facility. She is skilled in performing complex ENT procedures, including cosmetic nasal surgery, treatment of ear, nose and throat and eardrum repair.

Dr Khan is a member of the Pakistan Medical Commission (PMC) and holds a Fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS), Glasgow. Dr Khan has published several research papers in reputable medical journals, including the ‘Journal of Dow University of Health Sciences’, ‘Journal of Surgery Pakistan’ and ‘Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research’. Her research focuses on various aspects of ENT, such as carcinoma of the cheek, squamous cell carcinoma and cholesteatoma. Overall, Dr Khan’s achievements reflect her dedication to providing exceptional patient care, advancing medical knowledge and contributing to the field of ENT surgery.

In an exclusive interview, Dr Hurtamina Khan talks about her work and her dedication to the ENT field. Read on…

You! Tell us what is the role of an Otolaryngologist?

Dr Hurtamina Khan: An otolaryngologist is a surgeon who specialises in managing patients with diseases affecting the senses such as hearing, balance, smell and taste, as well as problems with breathing, swallowing and voice. They may also treat head and neck tumours, including conditions involving skull base and interface with the brain. An ENT surgeon’s job involves treating patients of all ages and seeing more children than most other surgeons.

You! What are the most common ENT problems?

HK: The most common ENT problems are sinusitis, ear infections, tonsillitis, allergies, hearing loss, sleep apnea and voice disorders.

You! Being a female surgeon, what kind of challenges do you face?

HK: Well, every field has its own challenges. My work requires a lot of commitment and dedication. It is also time-consuming. Balancing work and home is a constant pressure.

You! What is the ratio of female ENT specialists in Pakistan as compared to men?

HK: There is a significant gender disparity among ENT specialists in Pakistan, with men substantially outnumbering women in practice. There is no definite data; however, several studies suggest that women make up a small minority of practicing ENT specialists. There are many reasons for this disparity. A considerable number of female doctors leave the field after getting married due to family pressure. It also becomes difficult for them to continue their jobs after having children.

You! What ENT disorders are specific to women?

HK: ENT disorders that are more common in women include:

*Sjögren’s Syndrome: This is an autoimmune disorder with a significant female predominance (female-to-male ratio of 14-24:1). It primarily affects glands that produce moisture, leading to severe dryness in the eyes and mouth, which can cause related issues in the throat and nasal passages.

*Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): The most frequent cause of peripheral vertigo, BPPV is more prevalent in women. A potential hormonal influence is suggested, as a reduction of oestrogen levels during menopause may be a risk factor for its occurrence.

*Tinnitus: Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) is reported to be more widespread in women, regardless of age.

*Meniere’s Disease: While some sources note men and women are equally affected, other studies show females may have a slightly higher risk than men for this inner ear disorder that causes vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus.

You! What advice would you give to female doctors?

HK: My advice is to stay focused on your goals and not give up. It’s tough, but it’s worth it. Surround yourself with people who are positive supportive and believe in you and don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it.

Prioritise your self-respect and dignity. Every individual deserves respect, support and understanding in their pursuit of their goals and aspirations. Specifically, do not let societal pressures define your path.

You! How do you unwind?

HK: My tight schedule hardly allows me to relax, but whenever I get time, I like to spend it with my family.

You! What are your future plans?

HK: I intend to work as long as I am healthy. I have no intentions of quitting my job. My work keeps me going.